析经济学人，习高分作文/14
But fears of peak lithium may be as premature as those of peak oil.
做学生就多考分，做成人就多挣钱，这样尊严才可以多一点。
——我离托福考试只剩12天。
周一早上好，最近半月整天学困了睡，睡醒了学，全脱产备考，可以说很惬意了，整天读英语，算是难得的一段安静&鸡血的时光。
今天继续看慎小嶷的《十天突破新托福Essays》。前面是基础部分，后面应该可以有考场上用得到的地方。
第五天
Variety is the soul of pleasure. ——Aplira Behn
The Style of Guide 《风格的要素》，是一本很著名的英文写作指南，近乎偏执地追求clarity & brevity， 但缺乏了individuality。作者非常歧视被动语态，事实上当代美国专门有一派教授明确要求尽量少用I, we多用被动表达来展现学术论文的客观性。（https://www.bartleby.com/141/strunk1.html）
给句子一点颜色：
状语前置，Historically / Typically / Clearly / In reality / Undoubtedly / Without doubt / By sending operations offshore / By assigning household chores to their kids / Recently / In this way / Eventually / Luckily / Ironically / In general / Time and time again / Simply put / Simply stated / In fact / Given the choice / In view of / In light of / Apart from / In addition to / Besides / Accordingly / In an ideal world / Oddly enough / Strangly enough / Interestingly / Idealy / But in reality / In teory / Theoretically / Hypothetically / But in practice / But in actuality / Not surprisingly / Overall / To alleviate traffic congestion / Living in sheer poverty / Basically / Realistically / Evidently / Apparently / Traditionally / Specifically / Essentially / In essence / Ultimately / Frankly / Fortunately / Indeed / Undeniably / Indisputably / On the whole / As a rule / Consequently
句中做手脚，a necessary part of daily life / and because of this / in large part because / partly because / simply / after all / sadly / arguably / if any / depending on / fundamentally / namely
副词领路人，sth. is increasingly / It merely does / just solely only / approximately / markedly / substanitially / considerably / slightly / marginally / fractionally
倒装是进步的阶梯，Not only / Under no circumstances / On no account / Strange as it may seem / Neither of these factors is / Never have / equally important to success in learning a foreign language is
强调但不强势，It is ... that ... / It is ... who ...
虚拟不等于忽悠，Had she ever understood Ashley, she would never have loved him; had she ever understood Rhett, she would never have lost him.
抽象画法的of，后常跟use / importance / help / value / interest / significance / necessity / quality
被动也疯狂，It can be argued that ... / It has been noted that ... / It is observed that ... / It is believed that .... / It is commonly acceptly that ... / It is generally recognized that .... / It is reported that .... / It is estimated that ...
变词性表决心，improve >> - - improvement / intend to >> - - intention / provide >> - - provision / mature >> - - maturity / generous >> - - generosity / possible >> - - possibility / disatrous >> - - disaster / benefit from >> - - is beneficial to \ can be beneficiaries of \ benefit to
副词排成队，gracefully, energetically and powerfully / intellectually and emotionally / quickly, inextensively and readily / physically and mentally
用点线勾出层次感，All advertising media share a common goal: to reach as many consumers as possible and convince them to buy a certain product. / Universities in little towns have a clear focus and orientation in their academic programs —— a broad, integrated, balanced education bridging many areas.
the + 形容词, the rich / wealthy / poor / needy / elderly / unknown / unemployed / weak / neglected
双重否定就是肯定，It is not unrealistic / uncommon / unusualy/ Not surprisingly,
第七天
一篇三百多字的作文能用出来4-5句加分句型已经很好，如果句句恶心肯定就不自然了。
同义词转换
珍视，put a premium on / set considerable store by / put a high value on / treasure / cherish / value / attach importance / put emphasis on / pay attention to
负面根源，be attributed to / be ascribed to / be the root cause of / stem from
产生，create / bring about / generate / breed / cause / engender / spawn / induce / contribute to / lead to
反映出，reveal / represent / indicate / embody / mirror / an indication of
俗不可耐但依然未被淘汰的句型
and there seems to be plenty of research findings to comfirm this.
is a blessing in disguise
take them for granted
第八天
开头段
There is a principal reason for agreeing with the statement that .... and it is the fact that ...
.... is an old cliche. But it is nonetheless possibly true because
..... has contributed to some serious problems in society, including depletion of natural resources, increased pollution and the loss of a sense of community.
There are certain considerations or factors that everyone takes into account in ..... People may look for .... Everyone would more or less wish that ... has some of these... Putting them in an order according to their importance, however, can be very subjective and realtive.
主体段
Parallel Points, First of all / In the first place / To start with / Scond / Aso / .. as well / ..., too / Another reason is / For one thing, ...... / Third / Lastly / Finally
Sequential Arguments, The primary reason is / is primarily / The principal factor is / The main concern is / The cheif consideration is / Moreover / Futhermore / Further / Apart from / Besides / Aside from / What's more / Plus / In addition / Additionally
Worse yet / Better yet / More exactly / More precisely / Specifically / More importantly / The most significant reason why /
结尾段
There is nothing wrong with ... For the best possible learning, though, ...
第九天
模板工具箱
People tend to ... when asked about ...
People remain divided over whether..
It seems to me that there may be other possibilities.
I find their view unconvincing / unpersuasive / problematic / untenable
Socially / Enconomically / Professionally / Personally
In conclusion / In summary / To sum up / In sum / In the final analysis / Based on the arguements offered above / On the basis of the above discussion / Accordingly / Hence / Thus / Therefore
On balance / Overall / Having considered all the arguments above
模板只是一个逻辑框架，可以控制考场中行文的大致方向，但不宜用来从字数。
第十天
综合写作做阅读文章时，把三个分论点写在草稿纸左侧，听录音时把反对的三个写在对应右侧。
两类人
the reading passage / the reading / the brief reading passage / the author of the reading passage
the professor / the instructor / the speaker / the lecturer / the presenter / the lecture / the speech / the professor's talk / the presentation
反驳支持论证
explore the issue of / deal with / contradict / support / suggest / disprove / contend / assert / prove / identify / show / examine / analyze / focus on / concentrate on / investigate / believe / claim / maintain / insist / state / indicate / challenge / clash with / conflict with / deny / oppose / run counter to / make .. seem weak\incorrect\inaccurate\wrong\specious\dubious\doubtful / rain doubts about / put in doubt / throw into doubt / prove that
make\offer\present\provide\show\reveal three pieces of evidence
confirm / back / back up / buttress / strengthen / bolster / advocate
idea / view / opinion / viewpoint / point of view / understanding / perspective / conception / notion / belief / position
But / Yet / Even so / Despite that / in opposition to / in sharp\stark\marked\noticeable contrast to
offer the idea that // according to the professor // bring up the issue of // raise the issue of // it is said in the lecture that // based on these reasons // differ with sb. // differ on sth. // disagree with sb. // argues against sb. // the lecturer does not subscribe to the idea of // have differing views on sth // have divergent views on // have conflicting views on // have contrasting views on // do not match // is at odds with // the professor's counterargument to // rebuttal to // objection to // the presenter expands on // elaborate on this point by saying that // the speaker stresses // emphasizes // high-lights the fact that
First of all // Second // Besides // Moreover // In addition to // and by the way // because // so // ultimately // since // consequently // according to
lead to // give rise to //generate // arise from // result from // cause // create // result in
相当棒，花了五个小时左右看完了四百页的电子书，当然部分文章是略读，部分重要的也摘抄下来了。
总体感觉，没有至少十个月的认真积累，十天是不可能突破托福作文的，而且三五个小时读完作者至少三五个月完成的复习书，只能说是帮自己系统梳理一下作文的开头主体结尾怎么写，倒是写书的人英语功力肯定增加不少。
总之没有那么多事情是简单的，即使是靠技巧取胜的考试，也需要不断的刷题分析练习。
下面进入正题。
▁▂▃▅▆ ▊▷/A〓
But fears of peak lithium may be as premature as those of peak oil.
这句话一般人模仿不来，两个peak，一个修饰fears，一个修饰oil，而且还有as ... as ， 再加上同类比较 those , 看起来简单写起来其实蛮复杂的。
▁▂▃▅▆ ▊§/B〓
This bodes well for future growth, especially if governments strengthen their commitment to electrification in the wake of the Paris accord.
- bode: to be a sign that something good bad will happen
- - in the wake of : 紧紧跟随, 随着...而来, 作为...的结果
这个短语在析经济学人，习高分作文/03 中同样提出过：
India needs climate action as insurance against extreme weather: it spends a fortune in the wake of storms, floods and other events.
紧紧跟随，随着而来，作为...的结果
另外这里的花钱用的是，spend a fortune
再补充点花钱的短语吧：
lay out / spend money on
put / sink / plough / pour / inject money into
provide capital for
appropriate funds for
invest / devote / money to
allocate / distribute funds to
▁▂▃▅▆ ▊¶/C〓
Studies cited by the government suggest that half a million Indian women die each year as a result of respiratory illnesses caused by inhaling noxious smoke.
这句话复杂句就俩，不过插入语比较多，而且开头很新颖。
这是第一个句子：Studies suggest that ...
这是第二个句子：half a million indian women die each year
这是第一个插入语： cited by the government
这是第二个插入语： as a result of respiratory illnesses
这是第三个插入语： caused by inhaling noxious smoke
▁▂▃▅▆ ▊◆/D〓
There is plenty of scope to reduce energy poverty.
学习两个搭配：
- plenty of scope to 仍有许多余地
- reduce energy poverty 三个都是极普通的词，但合并到一起就显地道了
▁▂▃▅▆ ▊★/E〓
In both India and China, air pollution and congestion in the biggest cities are already appaling, which will limit the scope for a richer population to buy ever more cars. Moreover, China's climate-change commitments, laid out in pledges in advance of the Paris summit last year, indicate a desire to lead efforts to reduce global warming.
- appall: to insult or offend someonesynonym to make someone feel shocked or surpriseds
- appalling: very unpleasant and shocking
horrifying, alarming, awful, daunting, dreadful, fearful, frightful, horrible, shocking, terrifying
- - limit the scope for
- - plenty of scope to reduce
这两个短语有异曲同工之妙。
- pledge: a serious and public promise to do something
promise, assurance, covenant, oath, undertaking, vow, warrant, word
- - lay out: spread something out, or to arrange things so you can see them easily
- - - lay out in pledges
今日总结：
【1】as ... as those of ...
【2】This bodes well for ...
【3】as a result of ... caused by ...
【4】There is plenty of scope to reduce ...
【5】something is applling. ... limit the scope for ..
推荐阅读：如何通过阅读外刊积累英文写作句型？（8）
上篇文章：析经济学人，习高分作文/13
祝你好运。