天天用英语：三十四课 - Between Solitude and Loneliness

文章来源：

http://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/double-solitude

微意区别

loneliness refers to a lack of companionship and is often associated with unhappiness.

solitude is the state of being alone or cut off from all human contact.

You can be in the midst of a crowd of people and still experience loneliness, but not solitude, since you are not physically alone. Similarly, if you enjoy being alone, you can have solitude without loneliness.

Lonesomeness is more tense than loneliness, suggesting the downheartedness you may experience when a loved one is absent.

eg. She experienced lonesomeness following the death of her dog.

Desolation is more intense still, referring to a state of being utterly alone or forsake.

eg. the widow’s desollation

Alienation, disaffection, estrangement have less to do with being or feeling alone and more to do with emotions that change over time.

• alienation|distance from society

• a wife’s growing disaffection|indifferent for her husband

• *a daughter’s estrangement|(result in complete separation and strong feelings of dislike or hatred) from her parents

重点词汇

solitary 独自的、孤独的、喜欢独处的
dictate 口述（在这里是只给让别人把自己说的东西写下来）
solitude 独处
only child 独生子
siblings 兄弟姐妹
tissue 纸巾（这里指的很轻很薄的纸，更多的时候是指用来醒鼻子的纸）
shadowy 幽暗的
figures 数字
deliriously 极度兴奋的、神经错乱的
senior 四年级
secure 获得
fellowship 研究职位或研究基金
cherish 真爱
flirt 调情
misery 痛苦
slacken 变松弛、慢下来
license 放纵
frank 坦率的
housesit 代为照顾房子
libertine 放荡不羁的人（在这里当形容词用）
adore 敬爱、宠爱、喜爱
retreat 撤退、隐退
cuddle 搂住、搂抱
climax 高潮
grieve 感到悲伤、哀悼
miserable 痛苦的、悲惨的
redemptive 救赎的（在这里指的是让不好的情况好一些）

短语表达

pick up after 替别人捡起来和整理放在地上的东西
now and then 偶尔
from time to time 偶尔
forty-odd 四十几
two to a room 两人一间

相关词汇

parlor 起居室（现在用的少）
overstuffed 塞得慢慢的、又厚又软的（枕头或家具）
tulip 郁金香
balsa wood 轻木
bridge 桥牌
hay 干草（在这里当动词用，指收干草）
Holstein 一种黑白的奶牛的品种
Wonder Bread 一种白面包的牌子
Exeter 美国最好的寄宿高中之一，全名为Phillips Exeter Adademy bourbon 波旁威士忌
the Old Testament 旧约
veal cutlets 小牛排
gravy 肉汁
asparagus 芦笋
mink 水貂
beaver 河狸
canvas sling chair 看图
broil 烤
hibachi 看图
leukemia 白血病

美句欣赏

the enormous comfort of solitude

I look forward to her presence and feel relief when she leaves.

solitude loses its power and loneliness takes over

We lived together and we grew apart.

I exchanged the miseries of a bad marriage for the miseries of bourbon.

Later I asked her to dinner, which in 1970 always included breakfast.

Now and then, especially at night, solitude loses its soft power and loneliness takes over.

We flirted, we drank, we chatted–without remembering on Sunday what we said Saturday night.

Through dinner we talked about our separate days.

个人笔记

between you and me

read between the lines

between a rock and a hard place

parlor = living room

forty-odd forty = some

now and then = occasionally

异域散诗

Gold

By Donald Hall

Pale gold of the walls, gold
of the centers of daisies, yellow roses
pressing from a clear bowl. All day
we lay on the bed, my hand
stroking the deep
gold of your thighs and your back.
We slept and woke
entering the golden room together,
lay down in it breathing 
quickly, then
slowly again,
caressing and dozing, your hand sleepily
touching my hair now.

We made in those days
tiny identical rooms inside our bodies
which the men who uncover our graves 
will find in a thousand years,
shining and whole.

https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poem/gold

古诗奇篇

                          项脊轩志

                       【作者】归有光                    
【朝代】明代

项脊轩，旧南阁子也。室仅方丈，可容一人居。百年老屋，尘泥渗漉，雨泽下注；每移案，顾视，无可置者。又北向，不能得日，日过午已昏。余稍为修葺，使不上漏。前辟四窗，垣墙周庭，以当南日，日影反照，室始洞然。又杂植兰桂竹木于庭，旧时栏楯，亦遂增胜。借书满架，偃仰啸歌，冥然兀坐，万籁有声；而庭堦寂寂，小鸟时来啄食，人至不去。三五之夜，明月半墙，桂影斑驳，风移影动，珊珊可爱。

然余居于此，多可喜，亦多可悲。先是庭中通南北为一。迨诸父异爨，内外多置小门，墙往往而是。东犬西吠，客逾庖而宴，鸡栖于厅。庭中始为篱，已为墙，凡再变矣。家有老妪，尝居于此。妪，先大母婢也，乳二世，先妣抚之甚厚。室西连于中闺，先妣尝一至。妪每谓余曰：”某所，而母立于兹。”妪又曰：”汝姊在吾怀，呱呱而泣；娘以指叩门扉曰：‘儿寒乎？欲食乎？’吾从板外相为应答。”语未毕，余泣，妪亦泣。余自束发，读书轩中，一日，大母过余曰：”吾儿，久不见若影，何竟日默默在此，大类女郎也？”比去，以手阖门，自语曰：”吾家读书久不效，儿之成，则可待乎！”顷之，持一象笏至，曰：”此吾祖太常公宣德间执此以朝，他日汝当用之！”瞻顾遗迹，如在昨日，令人长号不自禁。

轩东，故尝为厨，人往，从轩前过。余扃牖而居，久之，能以足音辨人。轩凡四遭火，得不焚，殆有神护者。

项脊生曰：”蜀清守丹穴，利甲天下，其后秦皇帝筑女怀清台；刘玄德与曹操争天下，诸葛孔明起陇中。方二人之昧昧于一隅也，世何足以知之，余区区处败屋中，方扬眉、瞬目，谓有奇景。人知之者，其谓与坎井之蛙何异？”

余既为此志，后五年，吾妻来归，时至轩中，从余问古事，或凭几学书。吾妻归宁，述诸小妹语曰：”闻姊家有阁子，且何谓阁子也？”其后六年，吾妻死，室坏不修。其后二年，余久卧病无聊，乃使人复葺南阁子，其制稍异于前。然自后余多在外，不常居。

庭有枇杷树，吾妻死之年所手植也，今已亭亭如盖矣。